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- Edmund Finnis: The Human Condition Crystallised into 34 Bars of Perfect Music
After an intellectual exchange earlier in Manchester this year, Edmund Finnis returned for The Riff Questionnaire. By Lucy Cheung 29 September 2026 阅读中文版 On 25 October, English composer Edmund Finnis’s Cello Concerto, co-commissioned by the London Symphony Orchestra (LSO), will receive its London premiere, with cellist Sheku Kanneh-Mason as soloist and Antonio Pappano conducting the LSO. In November, another new work, Out of the Dawn’s Mind, will be released as an EP. An intensely atmospheric song cycle for soprano and string orchestra, Out of the Dawn’s Mind sets five poems from British poet Alice Oswald’s acclaimed collection Falling Awake. Performed by soprano Ruby Hughes and Manchester Collective, the work inhabits the fragile space between sound and silence, light and darkness, presence and disappearance. It traces a world in constant motion, responding to Oswald’s poetry with a finely detailed sensitivity to the rhythms and textures of the natural world. The cycle opens with dawn and moves through light, water and time, closing in the snow with a kind of erasure. As Finnis puts it, “This is a cycle about cycles, and the flux of the world.” Born in Oxford in 1984, Finnis is one of the distinctive voices in contemporary British composition. He studied with Julian Anderson and has taught at the Royal Academy of Music since 2015. His music has been performed by the London Symphony Orchestra, BBC Philharmonic, BBC Scottish Symphony Orchestra and Royal Liverpool Philharmonic, among others, and he has collaborated with musicians including Víkingur Ólafsson and Sheku Kanneh-Mason. In 2019, his debut album, The Air, Turning, won the Premiere Award at the BBC Music Magazine Awards. Earlier this year, we met Finnis at Manchester’s Bridgewater Hall, where the UK premiere of The Landscape Wakes, the final part of his orchestral trilogy commissioned by the BBC Philharmonic, had just taken place. In that conversation, he spoke about how he draws on performers’ bodies, breathing and individual musical personalities in his compositional process, and why he wants his music to engage both the mind and the heart. As his Cello Concerto approaches its London premiere, we invited Finnis to answer a series of light-hearted questions for The Riff Questionnaire. His responses came to us from a train journey this autumn. What is the first sound you remember being deeply moved by? The sound of the two oboes crushing against one another at the very opening of Bach’s St John Passion. I was very fortunate to sing this piece as a boy, and the sound and intensity of the music had a profound effect on me. Is there a piece you wish you had written yourself? ‘Hear My Prayer, O Lord’ by Henry Purcell. It feels like the human condition crystallised into 34 bars of perfect music. What is one piece of music you return to when you don’t want to think too much? In a Landscape by John Cage. What does the human body give music that technology cannot? Life! It gives music soul through the infinite nuances of touch, breath and physical expression. It brings about interpersonal communication between real, actual intelligent beings, connecting people’s minds (with their memories, longings, joys and sorrows). What is your favourite time of day? The dawn, because of the sense of possibility and renewal it brings. What is the one thing you always have with you when you travel? I find travel often opens up new head-spaces so I always have a pencil and notebook to put down the ideas that different places can inspire. Where do you go when you need to clear your head? There are beautiful woods quite near my home and I go there often for the sense of clarity it brings. What quality do you most value in other people? Recognition of the inherent dignity of every person. What is your idea of perfect happiness? Family gatherings with coffee and panettone after Mass on Christmas morning. What is your greatest extravagance? Old editions of books, and vinyl records. What is your favourite meal? The best meal I ever had was of incredibly fresh seafood near Porto. Halfway through dinner the glass-panelled walls of the restaurant dramatically opened up to the sea just outside, letting in the beautiful salty sea evening breeze. What is something you are surprisingly bad at? Maths! The music/maths overlap in the brain that people talk about doesn’t seem to be so much the case with me. What is the last thing that made you laugh? My son has started doing comic impressions of people’s voices, which cracks me up. One thing that you wish other people would notice more The deep value of music education in young people’s lives. Writer Lucy Cheung
- 让·隆多:管风琴上《哥德堡变奏曲》的血肉之躯
从静默到rave,让·隆多在管风琴上演奏巴赫《哥德堡变奏曲》。 By Lucy Cheung 30 September 2026 When 2026年9月27日 Where 伦敦南岸中心伊丽莎白女王音乐厅(Queen Elizabeth Hall,Southbank Centre) Who 致力于将羽管键琴演奏带入21世纪的法国键盘演奏家让·隆多(Jean Rondeau),其2025年发表的路易·库普兰全集专辑,入围2026留声机大奖的“年度器乐录音”提名,此前该专辑已获得2026年德国古典音乐大奖(Opus Klassik)的“年度独奏录音奖”。除了演奏,他同时也进行爵士乐和即兴创作。 What 让·隆多首次公开将整部《哥德堡变奏曲》以独奏管风琴的形式搬上舞台。 Why 让·隆多作为伦敦南岸中心本乐季驻场艺术家的特别演出项目之一。 伦敦南岸中心伊丽莎白女王音乐厅的可移动管风琴 摄影:张璐诗 记一笔 演奏家用管风琴演奏巴赫《哥德堡变奏曲》,他让这部作品脱离了固定的乐器与时代语境,重回演奏者基于肉身和呼吸的判断中。一个半小时里,脑海里不断浮现“巴赫的血肉之躯”这意象。 之前只知道隔壁皇家节日大厅里庞大的接近八千条管的管风琴,根本不晓得这个规模小一点的音乐厅里藏着一台由荷兰Flentrop制造的可移动管风琴。而且1966年制造时,还为其设置了罕见的机械舞台装置:不需要时,整台琴可以整体降入舞台下的储藏室。这台琴最初被设计为小型巴洛克风格机械触键管风琴,但因为错过了后来更严谨的古乐复兴运动,未能采用当时业界推崇的古老音高与不平均律,导致在随后的几十年里两头不讨好,长期闲置在地下室,直到2019年才迎来了返厂整修。 隆多近年在古乐的演绎上颇受关注,他浩荡的路易·库普兰全集专辑,我直到最近才腾出完整两天,一口气听完。就《哥德堡变奏曲》而言,他曾在2022年用羽管键琴录制过专辑。直到这次在伦敦的现场,我才了解到,他曾在巴黎国立高等音乐学院系统学习过管风琴,而且也一直将管风琴视为自己的一件核心乐器。 在2026年早些时候的沙夫豪森巴赫音乐节上,隆多曾与自己的乐团合作演出《哥德堡变奏曲》的室内乐改编版,在长笛、小提琴、古大提琴与羽管键琴等编制中融入管风琴的重奏声响。此外,他还与打击乐手Tancrède Kummer合作创作了《UNDR》,以《哥德堡变奏曲》为灵感,结合羽管键琴、打击乐与电子音乐,对这部作品进行当代性的重构。两种截然不同的尝试,恰好对应隆多自己的观点:他认为《哥德堡变奏曲》的力量就在于能够“邀请人们从不同角度重新诠释”。羽管键琴是巴赫明确标注的原始乐器,但这并不意味着作品只能属于一种乐器、一个时代或一种演奏实践。 跨越乐器、时代与演奏实践,持续向演奏者和听众敞开,这是本场“哥德堡”向我们传递的。与隆多的2022年录音相比,这场给我完全不同的感受,除了管风琴现场更强烈的身体感、音色的转换、声部的叠加,更多来自隆多在每首变奏上截然不同的处理。 前排有人左手扶在右臂上,手指跟着音乐呈按键状,有人举起小型望远镜,贴着右眼观望舞台。观察背对我们坐在台中央的隆多,不断调整管风琴左右两侧的音栓,然后每首变奏出来的音色、声部层次与整体音响都不一样,这种实时调整的表达方式,立即让我联想到一台巨型的模块合成器。 让·隆多在管风琴上演奏《哥德堡变奏曲》 Photo: Southbank Centre 羽管键琴以拨弦发声,声音清晰、直接,带着颗粒分明的质感;演奏者可以通过触键、节奏弹性、装饰音和乐句处理塑造音乐的性格;管风琴则是依靠气流推动音管发声,能够通过音栓组合改变音色的层次与密度。有些变奏的低音格外厚重,带着鲜明的脉搏感;有些段落里,低音则退到整体音响的背景,声音显得轻盈而透明,令人想起布谷鸟鸣。随着音栓组合的变化,音乐的重心、密度和色彩不断改变。隆多对音色与声部层次的调度,让我联想到现代音乐制作中的混音:不同声部时而突出,时而退后,整部作品呈现出不断流动的音响层次。 隆多为了2022年的录音,曾深入研究巴赫的原始乐谱。他特地查阅了法国国家图书馆收藏的一份早期印刷版本,其中保留了巴赫亲笔所作的标记与修改。隆多根据这份文献重新审视作品中的反复记号、装饰音及音乐结构,并选择完整保留乐谱所标示的反复。他的羽管键琴录音时长超过100分钟,管风琴的现场版也差不多,明显长于不少钢琴演奏版本。除了完整呈现反复段落,隆多还在重复部分加入不同的装饰音,并通过速度变化、渐慢处理以及段落之间作停顿的处理。尤其值得注意的是,第十五变奏结束后,他安排了一段较长的静默,再进入以法国序曲形式写成的第十六变奏。隆多将《哥德堡变奏曲》形容为一部“关于静默的作品”,“静默”在这里指的是音乐在时间中展开时,声音与停顿、重复与留白之间构成的关系。 全曲三首小调变奏中的最后一首、第二十五首变奏素来有“荆棘之冠”之称:上下翻覆、不断交织的半音阶,听觉上焦灼又刺痛。在整部作品的舞曲律动与复调变化之间,这一段仿佛突然打开了新的时间感。尤其是隆多在这首前后刻意的停顿,在经历了前面的聆听后,仍然能令人竖起耳朵。 而第三十变奏Quodlibet,音乐像是从内部不断积聚起近乎rave一般的激情,释放出来的声响愈发热烈,好像马上就要走向一场不受拘束的即兴。Quodlibet在拉丁语中的原意是“随心所欲”或“取其所好”,想来这首变奏里面的两首德国民歌曲调《卷心菜和萝卜把我赶走了》与《我离开你已经很久了》被巴赫交织放进复调结构中,本身也带着任性。这个周日午后,随着隆多时而如苦行僧般的匍匐探索,时而满腔热望的表达,《哥德堡变奏曲》在我们内心也随之焕新。 Writer Lucy Cheung
- 强尼·格林伍德没有过分抢戏
强尼·格林伍德与伦敦小交响乐团联手,向即将迎来九十岁生日的史蒂夫·莱什致敬。 By Lucy Cheung 29 September 2026 When 2026年9月27日下午3:30 Where 伦敦南岸中心皇家节日大厅(Royal Festival Hall) Who 伦敦小交响乐团(London Sinfonietta) 指挥:克洛伊·鲁克(Chloe Rooke) 低音吉他、电吉他:强尼·格林伍德(Jonny Greenwood): 英国皇家音乐学院学生 What 史蒂夫·莱什(Steve Reich)创作于1972至2015年间的《拍手音乐》(Clapping Music)、《脉冲》(Pulse)、以两首Radiohead作品为灵感而写的《Radio Rewrite》、《电声对位》(Electric Counterpoint),以及《城市生活》(City Life)。 Why 伦敦小交响乐团向即将迎来九十岁生日的莱什致敬。 伦敦南岸中心皇家节日大厅内 摄影:张璐诗 记一笔 这场向史蒂夫·莱什致意的主题演出,官方数月前就以强尼·格林伍德参演为主要“看点”广而告之。格林伍德演绎当代古典的现场不多,上一次是在曼彻斯特的小型“史蒂夫·莱什音乐节”上,他同样是独自在台上对着手提电脑演《电声对位》。那次我也去看了,跟伦敦这场演出一样:格林伍德预先录制了10轨电吉他和低音吉他,然后在现场弹第11轨的吉他部分。但不知情的观众或许会一头雾水,毕竟节目单上写的是“强尼·格林伍德弹低音吉他和电吉他”,没提到任何“预录”制作。人们很有可能期待吉他手从无到有,一轨一轨吉他现场弹出来,呈现逐渐搭建起层次的过程。15分钟飞快而过,一直低头在台上的格林伍德收起吉他匆匆离场。听到后排观众低声诧异:“这就完了?” 《电声对位》是莱什1987年为美国爵士吉他手帕特·梅西尼(Pat Metheny)而写的,其中梅西尼也有参与对作品的修饰。莱什与格林伍德初次会面是2010年波兰克拉科夫的音乐节上,当时吉他手向莱什呈现了自己演绎的《电声对位》,即预录多轨吉他的版本,莱什显然很感兴趣。虽然前些年我曾在伦敦亲耳听莱什赞过苏格兰吉他手肖恩·志边(Sean Shibe)的版本是他“最满意“的,但格林伍德的两次现场,极具个人风格的多轨吉他层叠,确实多了生命冲动的张力。梅西尼、志边和格林伍德三位吉他手,刚好各自来自爵士乐、古典乐和摇滚乐不同背景,每个人的诠释都各有味道。 史蒂夫·莱什《拍手音乐》 Photo: Seb Gardner / London Sinfonietta 当年莱什认识了格林伍德后,据说回家后自己去听了一些Radiohead的作品,两年后的2012-2013年,《Radio Rewrite》问世,当时就是为伦敦小交响乐团而写,2013年作品首演地就在南岸中心;这天在此重演,非常特别。 作品是莱什根据Radiohead早期两首作品:《Everything in the Right Place》和《Jigsaw Falling into Place》的和声进行创作,拆分成五个短乐章,用上了两架钢琴,另加低音吉他。原曲的线条只是在快、慢板乐章之中交错隐现,身边朋友听完后说了句:“就像是对AI指令以莱什的风格写一部Radiohead的作品”。也可以理解成莱什的风格就是这么有辨识度吧。 格林伍德在曼彻斯特时提起过,他入门莱什音乐的作品是其为人声与弦乐写的《Tehillim》,后来又为《给18位音乐家的音乐》中一人分饰多角的音乐家现场所折服,并直接影响他如今对稍纵即逝的现场弹奏最为重视、对录音愈发冷淡的态度。 伦敦小交响乐团 Photo: Seb Gardner / London Sinfonietta 伦敦小交响乐团与莱什近四十年的合作历史值得一提。从1987年开始,乐团就长期演出莱什的作品,而且参与委约了多部创作,其中包括此次演出的《城市生活》(City Life)。1995年,伦敦小交响乐团与德国现代乐团(Ensemble Modern)、法国当代乐团(Ensemble Intercontemporain)联合委约了《城市生活》。作品开场不久,就能听见刺耳却又奇异地与乐声拼贴得毫不违和的采样,那是来自莱什当时在纽约家附近录制的市声:汽车喇叭与木管乐器并列,关门声与打击乐形成节奏上的对应,嘈杂的城市声响在拆解和重组后,成为音乐的一部分。作品还收入了1993年世界贸易中心爆炸事件发生后,纽约消防部门的现场无线电通讯人声采样。全曲共五个乐章,机械重复的脉冲,构成了20分钟之后稍显冗长的纽约声音肖像。 Writer Lucy Cheung
- Jean-Guihen Queyras: Music Is What's Between the Notes
Jean-Guihen Queyras on the ever-changing nature of Bach Cello Suites, the influence of Boulez and Marais, and a decades-long musical career shaped by collaboration and exploration. By Lucy Cheung 28 September 2026 阅读中文版 A week ago, French cellist Jean-Guihen Queyras performed Bach’s complete Cello Suites at Wigmore Hall in London. The day before the concert, we spoke for more than an hour. On 27 and 29 September, he will bring the same programme to Shanghai and Shenzhen, marking his first solo recitals in mainland China. He has previously performed in China with the Philadelphia Orchestra and the Rotterdam Philharmonic Orchestra, as well as with chamber ensembles. Our conversation began with French Baroque composer Marin Marais, and moved through Queyras’s two recordings of Bach’s Cello Suites, his choice of gut and modern strings, Pierre Boulez’s influence on him, his long-standing partnership with pianist Alexandre Tharaud, his journey to Kyiv two years ago, and his continuing exploration of different musical traditions. After decades of playing Bach, Queyras is still finding new freedom in the music. Jean-Guihen Queyras Photo: Lucy Cheung In Conversation with Jean-Guihen Queyras LC=Lucy Cheung JGQ=Jean-Guihen Queyras On Marin Marais LC: The first time I saw you perform was in 2011, at Queen’s Hall in Edinburgh, where you played with Alexandre Tharaud. I remember it very well because you played the Kodály Cello Sonata and the Poulenc Sonata. I also remember wanting to buy the CD afterwards, but the ATM had run out of cash. I first went to that concert because of the Marais music. At the time, I asked whether you had any plans to record it, and you said you didn’t. More than a decade later, you finally did. What does Marais mean to a modern cellist? JGQ: Both Alexandre and I like to explore territories which are perhaps not originally ours. We like making transcriptions, playing pieces which are not originally for our instruments, because we can enter other worlds. We both enjoy making the cello into something else, and making a concert piano into something else. Just two days ago, I gave a recital with a programme I designed called Roots, with the Kodály Sonata and two pieces from Turkey, which are also very much rooted in the culture of their country. One of them was composed by Fazıl Say. He wrote a new solo sonata for me, and there is a moment when I have to play the cello in a certain way so that suddenly the cello sounds like a duduk, this wind instrument from Azerbaijan and Turkey. I enjoy suddenly having this feeling that, yes, this is a cello, but it can sound like a duduk. Alexandre and I have done transcriptions of other things too, songs by Schubert and Brahms’s Hungarian Dances. Marais was something we wanted to explore because we both love this very, very French music. Marais is so French in the way he ornaments the harmonies, and he has a language which fascinated us. He can write two hours of music with five harmonies. That’s almost an exaggeration, but it’s true. The progressions are almost always the same, but it never sounds the same. He is always telling a story, and we always want to listen to him. LC: Such as the 32 variations on Les Folies d’Espagne. JGQ: Exactly that. And even in his suites, which are not variations, it’s very, very impressive how he creates music which is so rich with so little. On Choosing Strings LC: You used modern strings for the Marais project. I know you use different strings and bows for different projects. So how do you decide what works for a particular piece or period? JGQ: It’s a very good question. If you look at what I’ve done with modern and historical setups, it seems a bit random. I play some Schumann on gut strings, but then I play some Bach on modern strings. How does that make sense? First, I would say this. Nikolaus Harnoncourt, who was one of the pioneers of historically informed performance, was asked why he conducted the Chamber Orchestra of Europe when the musicians were playing modern strings. He said, in the end, it’s not about which instrument you play, but how you play it. I agree with him. I think this is the most important thing. Having had the experience, again and again, of playing on gut strings does teach me a lot about the language. And then I can absolutely go into that language on a modern instrument. There are composers, in my view, who depend more on the actual production of the sound than others. Bach is a bit of a paradox because his language is so strong that you could transpose the Suites for tuba and it would still be a great masterwork. The language is so strong that, in a way, the exact instrument you use, even if it’s not a cello, is almost secondary. I have played the Bach Suites on gut strings a lot. So why did I record them twice on a modern setup? The reason is the Sixth Suite. I like to play all the Suites on a four-string cello, and as I see you are very informed, you know that the Sixth Suite was composed for a five-string instrument. If you play it on four strings, it doesn’t work on gut strings, in my experience. Since I like to play the complete Suites when I’m on tour, and I have learned these six Suites on four strings, that’s what I do. I don’t feel that I’m missing something because of the strings. For example, I use a Baroque bow because the articulation is better. It works better, and it works well with the cello I’m playing now. It’s a different instrument. For the last two years I’ve been playing a Stradivarius. Before that, I played a Cappa for 17 years. That’s another example of how I’m pragmatic. I want to do what works best for me and for this music. With the Cappa, the Baroque bow didn’t work well. I would always go back to my Tourte, a very light one, but a very beautiful one that produced an absolutely gorgeous sound. On this one, I have a Baroque bow which works fantastically with the Stradivarius. I’m very happy with it. Jean-Guihen Queyras On Bach LC: When I listened to your 2023 recording of the Bach Suites, I had a very visual impression. There was something like flickering light and shadow, almost as if a figure were moving through fabric, through doors and changing light. I had that feeling before I even read about your collaboration with choreographer Anne Teresa De Keersmaeker. I also felt that the singing line was continuous, never interrupted. What does a sense of breath mean to you in the six Suites? JGQ: I’m happy you talk about the breathing and the sense of line, what makes us travel through a work, particularly such a special work: two and a half hours of music. When we talk about breathing, the first two things that come to mind, as living creatures, are breathing and the pulse, the heart. And in music, it’s the same. It’s not a coincidence. I find it a very, very interesting topic. When you talked about this uninterrupted movement through shadow and light, I think that’s what I experience with harmony. There is this thing in music that we call the pulse, and the pulse is what our heart is doing. Then the breathing, everything, that’s the harmony. Harmony is basically what leads us. One harmony is calling for the next harmony, the next chord. It’s this relationship between the harmonies, between the chords, that always leads us further. That makes me think of this quote from Yo-Yo Ma: “Music is what’s between the notes.” The notes themselves are not enough to make music. What makes them music is the relationship between them. LC: And how did your collaboration with Anne Teresa De Keersmaeker affect your understanding of the Suites? JGQ: The dance was simply a wonderful chance for me, for a few years, to play the Suites with dancers physically next to me on stage, working with gravity and with the harmonies, going from one chord to the next. They would be taken into speed and then into moments of immobility. To have that physically with me on stage was very nourishing for me. It reminded me: don’t forget, this music is about pulse, it’s about gravity. And I think it influenced my second recording. LC: What made you decide to record the Suites again? Was there a strong impulse behind the decision? JGQ: I’ll be totally honest with you. It was actually the head of the label, Harmonia Mundi. He came to one of the performances with the dancers, and I had heard more and more from many people, “It has really evolved since the 2007 recording.” People felt that it had gone into something really different and something new, and that it was worth recording. I didn’t have an urge to do it. But the head of Harmonia Mundi said, “Really, you should do it. You should do it now. It’s really worth it.” I’m very grateful that I did. It was also a very interesting process for me to re-record. During the recording sessions, for each movement I would first do a first take. Then, together with the producer, we would listen to the 2007 recording, and then we would say, “What do we want to say differently? What are we proposing differently this time?” It was very different from one movement to the next. But in general, the difference that I noticed is that with experience, with age and with interaction with the dancers, I have gotten a few steps further in giving more freedom to the melody, thanks to relying more on the pulse and the harmony. If you really trust your pulse and your harmony, then you can improvise more with the melody. So I’m taking more liberties in the 2023 recording. But as I tell my students again and again, freedom is not “I do what I want”. That doesn’t work like that. You have to ground it in the harmony and in the pulse. On Place LC: Does the sense of place change anything for you when you perform the same piece? JGQ: Music is such an art of the moment. So is dance, and so is theatre. I have a son who is a painter, and it’s totally different. Painting is not an art of the moment. Where we play, the audience for whom we play, the people who are in the hall, the acoustics, all of these things play a role. Five days ago I was in Köthen, which is where Bach composed the Suites. I was very moved to be there. I had already once played at Bach’s tomb in Leipzig, but now I was playing in Köthen, where Bach went to the church, in the castle where the Brandenburg Concertos were premiered, in the chapel where one of his sons was baptised. To play in these places influences my playing because I’m thinking of Bach just being there and doing his things, living there for a few years with his first wife. And tomorrow it’s Wigmore Hall. Wigmore Hall is different. It’s this iconic chamber music venue in England, with so much history, so many incredible artists and wonderful acoustics. It’s also the iconic quality of the place. You think of all the artists who have been here. It has history. On Pierre Boulez LC: You worked with Pierre Boulez for about ten years, joining his ensemble when you were very young. What did he leave you with? JGQ: I was so lucky. I entered the Ensemble Intercontemporain just at the end of my studies. I was 23. I had just finished my studies in New York. In fact, I was in my last year there. I won the audition and asked them, “Could you wait? Let me finish my master’s in New York and then I will come in the summer.” And they waited. It was the beginning of my professional life, but actually it was a very important part of my formation, of my becoming a musician. It was invaluable, not only Boulez, but simply being in this ensemble, playing new music. Because it was Boulez’s ensemble at the time, the composers would always be there. They would constantly come and work with us, and you could ask questions. You could explain, “What do you need from me as a performer?” This was invaluable for playing composers from the past as well. As for Boulez specifically, I would say two main things. First, he was simply very charismatic, but very charismatic because he was burning for music. As a composer, he was very intense. You can hear it in his music. His music is like an explosion of energy. And as the head not only of the ensemble but of IRCAM, this huge centre for research into music in Paris, and as a conductor, everything he did, he did 300 percent. He was very present. He was somebody who seemed to sleep five hours a day and have five lives. The amount of work this man was doing was incredible. He was very demanding, but always respecting the person. There was a lot of humanity in his relationship with us. Once I had an injury and had to stop playing for six months. Regularly, I would get a call or a little card saying, “How are you doing? We think of you.” At the same time, he expected us to give our best, to come prepared to rehearsals, to be very focused on the work. There was an ethic. And the last thing I would say is about his choices in interpretation. I didn’t make all of his choices mine. He was really focused on the score and the clarity of the score. He was famous for making the music very crisp and transparent, so that you had the feeling you could see the score in front of your eyes. That’s a little opposite to somebody I also admire so much, Bernstein, who is all about passion. But there is one thing I took from Boulez very much. He really wouldn’t like it if someone tried to put things into music that were not in the score. It’s a bit like if you have a wonderful Italian dish, with just the right thing, and somebody comes and puts a lot of cream on it. You just don’t do that. Jean-Guihen Queyras On Ukraine LC: Your recent album is devoted to Lutosławski and Bloch. Lutosławski’s music feels unmistakably shaped by the post-war period, but also very raw and tense. When you play it now, do you feel that it resonates with what is happening in Europe today? JGQ: Thank you for this question. It’s very interesting, because of course we should not take music out of the context in which it came to life. You are right that Lutosławski was composing at a time when the eastern part of Europe was struggling in many ways. I’ll be honest with you, I didn’t think of it that way. But if you think particularly of this concerto, it is a bit like the cello is David and the orchestra is Goliath. The small cello is fighting against an orchestra, trying again and again to keep its ground, sometimes by force, sometimes in other ways. Of course, I happen to be very sensitive to the cause of the Ukrainian people, who are very courageous people, fighting for their freedom. LC: You went to Kyiv as well in 2024. What did that experience mean to you? JGQ: When we went there, I wanted to show that I really had these people in my heart. I asked some Ukrainian friends, some musicians I knew, “Is it welcome if I come? Is it good news, or do people have enough to deal with and don’t want to have to deal with this as well?” And they said, absolutely. They want people to come and to play. When I knew that, for me it was a clear case. I needed to go. One of the incredible aspects of the Ukrainian people is that, as long as they can, they try to lead a normal life while trying to fight for their freedom. The restaurants are open. The concert halls are open. The orchestras go to work. The conservatory tries to go on. We were in Kyiv. Sometimes concerts are interrupted by air-raid alerts. We were lucky. The week when we were there was not so terrible. We would hear the alarms at night sometimes, and the interceptions of missiles, but it was quite a quiet week. LC: What did you hope your music could bring to people there? JGQ: It was really about showing presence and love to these people who are isolated because of this war. And I do that with what I know how to do. What I can do with music. We went to a rehabilitation centre for wounded soldiers, and suddenly what you do by bringing your music has a purpose. If I was a cook, I would bring food. I’m a musician, so... Alexandre Tharaud and Jean-Guihen Queyras Photo: Marco Borggreve On Alexandre Tharaud LC: Did you and Alexandre Tharaud meet through the Arcanto Quartet? JGQ: No, he never collaborated with Arcanto. Alexandre and I met in the 1990s, when I was still in the Ensemble Intercontemporain. We met at a theatre show where we were both in the audience. A mutual friend introduced us. Of course, I knew about Alexandre, and he knew about me. Then, by chance, we were also recently in the same artist agency, on the same roster. So we started playing concerts together, and immediately had a lot of fun. We became like two brothers. LC: You have been playing together for many years. What is the chemistry you find in each other? JGQ: Again, these things, the magic of two people getting along together, can only be explained up to a certain point. The true reason why it works is chemistry. But I can say that our way of looking at music and experiencing music is very similar. I think that’s a prerequisite. You need that for such a long collaboration. When we rehearse, and it was already like this at the beginning, we never had to talk for hours about, “Do you think this phrase should be like this?” No, we knew. This music is playing like that, and that’s it. And then there is even more on a personal level. We really feel like two brothers. Two brothers have something fundamental which is the same: the same sense of humour, the same things that make us laugh, the same things we enjoy. And we are very different.He is, for example, hyper-organised and disciplined. You can ask him in two years what he is doing on a particular day, and he knows exactly. “That’s in my sabbatical, and then two weeks after I’m playing this recital.” I have no idea. People ask me, “What’s your next project?” I’m like, “I don’t know. Tomorrow I’ll play the Bach Suites, and then I will see.” On the day of a concert, Alexandre has rituals. He will eat at that time, and then he does yoga one hour before the concert. With him it’s really organised, disciplined. My goodness, so disciplined. Most of the time after the concert, he goes to bed. Very often after a concert, the promoter wants to invite you for dinner, and I like to eat after concerts because I’m hungry. He likes to get a little plate backstage at the interval. He eats during the interval, and at the end of the concert he’s gone. He mostly goes to sleep. LC: And do you know what is your next project? JGQ: No, no, I exaggerate! After this concert, next week I have a recording session with another pianist. I’ve done other things with Alexander Melnikov, as you may know, and now I’m going to record with Javier Perianes. This will be our second recording together. We had a trio recording two years ago with Tabea Zimmermann and Javier, and now we have a duo recording of Spanish repertoire. I’m also going to play a lot of Beethoven trios, because of the Beethoven year. And I’m going to play the Triple Concerto with Isabelle Faust and András Schiff, with the new orchestra that John Eliot Gardiner is creating. On Beethoven LC: I really like Beethoven, is there a particular work by Beethoven that is especially close to your heart? JGQ: I share your passion for him. If I had to choose one composer, it would be Beethoven. It’s difficult to choose one particular work, but I remember when I was studying in New York. I was there for three years, and one year was very tough. New York was very tough for me. I was very poor, and that’s not a city where you want to be very poor. And I was not used to big cities. I grew up in the countryside, and then I spent three years in Freiburg, a little cute town where the quality of life, nature, people, everything is gentle to you. New York is a jungle. I was not used to that. I was like a little animal. I was not doing well. And in that moment, there was one piece by Beethoven which I would listen to again and again. It was the slow movement from the Second “Razumovsky” Quartet, the E minor Quartet. There is this slow movement, almost 20 minutes, with this dotted rhythm. Beethoven, by the way, wrote to a friend that he got the inspiration for this piece while lying down and looking at the stars, at the sky. There is this dimension in the music. That’s why it spoke to my heart when I was struggling. When you are under the sky and you look up, you are by yourself. You are very alone, but there is the whole universe. The loneliness and the universality, brought together. That’s Beethoven, pretty much. On Classical Music LC: I’ve just come back from Greece, and I’ve been listening again to your album Thrace. I imagine this is the kind of unfamiliar musical territory you were talking about earlier, the kind of territory you and Alexandre both like to explore. How did this album come about? JGQ: It started a long time ago, actually. And I like to let things happen naturally. The two percussionists, Bijan Chemirani and Keyvan Chemirani, grew up almost together in the south of France. They have Iranian backgrounds, but they grew up in France, and we were neighbours. We each studied our own music, and then when we were in our twenties, one of them said one day, “Let’s play together.” That’s how it started. Later, they brought in Sokratis Sinopoulos from Greece, who is a wonderful musician. I really love this combination. LC: For you, is this kind of exploration complementary to classical music? And do you think the term “classical music” is still valid today? JGQ: I don’t think we should discard this term. It’s okay. For me, classical music is having the chance to go back in time and explore the history of mankind through music, through what they did, and through these great masters who really brought the best of their culture through music. I find it absolutely wonderful. But I think one should do what one’s own temperament is dictating. I have always been very curious. I always wanted to see what is common between some Greek melodies and some classical pieces that we play, and then you realise, oh yes. Maybe you saw this other project, Musical Swim, with the saxophone. That’s exactly what we do. We play a piece by Schubert, and then in the last bars you start playing them again and again, and you realise, oh, it’s actually a gospel. It’s the same music. Austria, 1825, and Alabama at the beginning of the twentieth century. I like these connections that exist across geography and time. Writer Lucy Cheung
- 让-吉安·凯拉斯:作曲、演奏和聆听,内在动机缺一不可
让-吉安·凯拉斯谈巴赫《无伴奏大提琴组曲》的不断变化、布列兹与马雷的影响,以及数十年音乐生涯中的合作与探索。 By Lucy Cheung 22 September 2026 Read in English 一周前,法国大提琴家让-吉安·凯拉斯(Jean-Guihen Queyras)在伦敦威格莫尔音乐厅(Wigmore Hall)演奏巴赫《无伴奏大提琴组曲》全集。演出前一天,我与他聊了一个多小时。9月底,他将带着同一套曲目在国内举行独奏会。此前,他曾随费城交响乐团、鹿特丹爱乐乐团来华,也曾与重奏团体合作访华。 话题从法国巴洛克作曲家马兰·马雷(Marin Marais)开始,凯拉斯谈及自己两次录制巴赫《无伴奏大提琴组曲》、对羊肠弦与现代金属弦的选用、皮埃尔·布列兹对他的影响、与钢琴家亚历山大·塔霍(Alexandre Tharaud)数十年的默契合作,也谈到两年前乘火车进入基辅演出的经历,以及他对不同音乐传统的探索。演奏了几十年,凯拉斯对巴赫的理解仍在变化。 让-吉安·凯拉斯 摄影:张璐诗 对话让-吉安·凯拉斯 LC=张璐诗 JGQ=Jean-Guihen Queyras 谈马雷 LC:我第一次听你的现场是15年前,爱丁堡的女王音乐厅,你和亚历山大·塔霍合作演奏科达伊《大提琴奏鸣曲》,还有马兰·马雷的作品。当时去听,其实很大程度上是因为马雷的音乐,那时我问你,你说当时并没录音计划,结果12年后,见到你们录了这马雷的音乐专辑。因此我想问,对于今天的大提琴演奏家而言,马雷的音乐意味着什么? JGQ:我首先想说,我和亚历山大都喜欢探索那些不完全属于自己领域的东西。我们喜欢改编,喜欢演奏那些原本并不是为我们这些乐器创作的作品,这样我们就可以进入另外一个世界,我们喜欢让大提琴、钢琴变成另外一种东西。 举一个最近的例子:两天前我刚刚演出了一场自己设计的独奏音乐会,叫“根源”(Roots),里面有科达伊《大提琴奏鸣曲》,也有两首来自土耳其的作品,曲目植根于不同文化之中,其中一首是法佐·塞伊(Fazıl Say)为我创作的新大提琴奏鸣曲。有一个地方,我必须以特殊的方式演奏,让乐器听起来像杜杜克(duduk,一种来自高加索地区的木管乐器)。这种时刻非常有趣:明明是一把大提琴,但突然可以变成另外一种乐器。 亚历山大和我以前也做过很多这样的改编,比如舒伯特的歌曲、勃拉姆斯的《匈牙利舞曲》。马雷对我们来说也是很自然的探索对象,他的音乐相当法国,尤其是他装饰和声的方式;他的语言非常特别,夸张一点说,他可以用五种和声写出两个小时的音乐。和声进行经常是相似的,比如不断向下进行的六度,但你从来不觉得重复,因为他每一次都在讲述不同的故事,让你不断想听下去。 LC:比如《西班牙福利亚舞曲》中的32段变奏。 JGQ:对,而且不光是变奏曲,即使是他的组曲,你还是会惊讶:他怎样用这么有限的材料创造出如此丰富的音乐,这是我们特别想去探索的。 谈琴弦 LC:这张马雷的专辑里,你使用的是肠弦还是现代琴弦? JGQ:那次我用的是现代琴弦,因为亚历山大弹的是现代音乐会钢琴。我们在做真正意义上的改编,并没想假装这是历史原貌的演奏,我们这也不是原作里的乐器组合(原作是为低音维奥尔琴写的),所以我们也接受这一点。 LC:你使用不同的琴弦、不同的弓,也会根据不同作品选择不同的演奏方式。听起来,你并不是总会根据作品所属的历史时期,去选择相应的琴弦和琴弓。那你究竟如何作出选择? JGQ:这是一个很好的问题。如果你看看这些年来我用现代乐器配置和历史乐器配置演奏的作品,表面上看确实有点随机,比如我会用羊肠弦演奏舒曼,但第二天演巴赫——比如明天(指2026年9月12日)我在威格莫尔音乐厅演奏《无伴奏大提琴组曲》,却会用现代琴弦。 我想引用尼古劳斯·哈农库特(Nikolaus Harnoncourt)的一句话。他是历史演奏运动非常重要的先驱,有一次有人问他:既然你是历史演奏实践的先驱,为什么还会指挥使用现代琴弦的欧洲室内乐团?他的回答是,最终重要的并不是你使用什么乐器,而是你怎样演奏它。我非常赞同。 对我来说,反复使用羊肠弦的经验非常重要,因为它让我真正理解历史演奏实践背后的音乐语言。然后当我回到现代琴弦时,我依然能够进入那种语言,这一点对我来说非常重要。当然,也有一些作曲家的音乐更加依赖乐器本身的声音特性,也就是说,乐器究竟以怎样的方式发声,会成为音乐不可分割的一部分。 巴赫是一个很有意思的悖论,他的音乐语言如此强大,以至于你把《无伴奏大提琴组曲》改编给大号演奏,那依然会是一部伟大的作品。从某种意义上说,你使用什么乐器,甚至是不是用大提琴来演奏,反倒是次要。所以,既然我已经有过很多次用肠弦演奏《无伴奏大提琴组曲》的经验,为什么后来又重新录制,而且还是使用现代弦呢?这里其实有个很具体的原因:第六组曲。 我喜欢用四弦琴演奏整套六首组曲,而第六组曲原本是为五弦乐器创作的。如果用四根弦来演奏,第六组曲在羊肠弦上就不太行得通,至少我是这么觉得。因为我巡演的时候喜欢完整演奏六首组曲,而我已经把这六首作品都练成了用四根弦演奏的版本,所以现在我就是这样去演奏。因此,最终我选择用四根弦、现代琴弦来演奏整套组曲,并不觉得有缺陷。当然,我也会使用巴洛克琴弓,因为我发现它能够让发音和运弓更清晰,而且和我现在使用的这把琴非常合适。 LC:你是换了一把琴吧? JGQ:对。我现在用的是斯特拉迪瓦里琴,大概用了两年。在此之前的卡帕琴,我用了有十七年,用卡帕琴的时候,巴洛克弓并不太适合,我通常会回到自己的图尔特弓(Tourte bow):很轻,但声音非常漂亮,能够产生非常美的音色。现在这把琴和我的巴洛克弓配合得特别好,因此在这件事上我其实很务实:什么对我、对这部作品最有效,我就用什么。 让-吉安·凯拉斯 谈巴赫 LC:我听你2023年的巴赫录音时,有一种非常强烈的视觉感,琴与弓制造出的声音扑闪扑闪的,有点像衣裳、布料穿过门廊,掠过光与影。后来才读到你和编舞家安娜·特蕾莎·德·基尔斯梅克(Anne Teresa De Keersmaeker)合作的巴赫组曲舞蹈作品。整个录音里,我也清晰感觉到,歌唱性的线条一直贯穿曲中。能不能谈一谈巴赫六首组曲中的呼吸感,对你来说意味着什么? JGQ:我很高兴你提到“呼吸”,因为这其实触及了我理解这部作品的一个重要方面。作为有生命的生物,我们最基本的两个东西就是呼吸和脉搏,也就是心跳。音乐其实也是一样的。你说到那种从阴影走向光、不断向前的感觉,我觉得这与和声有直接的关系:音乐里本身也有“脉动”,就像我们的心跳;而呼吸则与和声有关,和声不断把我们带向下一个和弦。真正驱动音乐向前走的,并不只是一个个音符,而是音符之间、和弦之间的关系。 这也让我想到马友友说过的一句话:“音乐发生在音符之间。”音符本身并不足以构成音乐,真正使之成为音乐的是音符间的关系。我觉得这也可以是一种关于社会的隐喻:我们真正拥有的不只是单独个体,而是个体之间的关系。 所以对我来说,“呼吸”最终是一种流动,以及不断向前的感觉,而舞蹈给了我一次很特别的机会。那几年里,我演奏这些组曲的时候,舞者就在我身边,他们和重力一起工作,也和音乐中的和声一起工作,从一个和弦进入下一个和弦,舞者有时候被速度带走,有时又进入几乎静止的状态。能在舞台上亲眼看到这一切,对我来说很有营养。它不断提醒我:别忘了,这些音乐不仅关乎声音,也和脉动、重力以及身体有关。后来,这段与舞者的合作确实影响了我第二次录制巴赫。 LC:这也正是我第一次听你现场演出时感受到的东西。十五年前听科达伊也是这样——那里面有一种非常强烈的身体力量和重力感。 JGQ:是的。科达伊的身体感非常强烈,只不过是完全不同的身体感。 LC:回到巴赫。我很好奇,究竟是什么让你决定再次录制这六首组曲?是某个时刻突然产生的冲动吗? JGQ:如果完全诚实地说,我自己并没有特别的冲动。当时是唱片公司Harmonia Mundi的负责人克里斯蒂安·吉拉尔丹(Christian Girardin)来看了一场我和舞者合作的演出,演出之后他对我说:“你知道吗?你对这套组曲的理解和演奏已经变成了另外一种东西,值得重新录下来。”在那之前,我也听到过别人这么说,但是他最终说服了我。我很感谢他,因为这次重新录音对我来说确实是一个非常有意思的过程,录音的时候,每一个乐章我们都会先录一遍,然后我和制作人一起回头听2007年的录音,然后会自问:那时我们想表达什么?现在又想表达什么? 每一个乐章的答案都不一样。但总体来说,随着年龄和经验的积累,以及这些年与舞者合作所带来的启发,我越来越懂得怎样让旋律自由地展开。但这种自由有一个很重要的前提:你必须相信音乐本身的脉动,也必须相信和声的走向。如果你真的相信这两样东西,旋律就可以更加自由,甚至可以留下更多即兴的空间。所以,2023年的录音里,我确实比2007年更加自由,在演奏上也采取了更多的自由处理。但我也不断跟学生说,自由并不意味着“我想怎么做就怎么做”。那样是不成立的。自由必须建立在和声和脉动之上。只有当这些基础足够稳固,你才真正拥有自由的空间。 LC:你说到“基础”,让我想到巴赫无伴奏组曲里那条看不见的低音线,就像一个隐藏的低音声部,一直在支撑着整部作品。 JGQ:对,我觉得低音线这个概念有意思:我们说到和声,很容易想到一个个和弦;但说到低音,你马上就会想到一条线。正是这条线,让音乐一直往前走,也让不同和声之间的关系变得更清楚。 LC:明天你将在威格莫尔音乐厅演出,两周后又将到中国巡演。演奏同一部作品时,地点的变化对你来说意味着什么? JGQ:音乐是一门非常依赖当下的艺术,舞蹈是这样,戏剧也是这样。但我有一个儿子是画家,绘画就并不是一种发生在当下的艺术。所以我们在哪里演出、为谁演出、现场有哪些人,以及音乐厅的声学条件如何,这些都会影响你的演奏。 五天前,我刚刚在科滕(Köthen)演奏。那是巴赫生活和工作过地方,也是他创作这些组曲的地方。我在那里演出时非常感动。我以前也在莱比锡的巴赫墓前演奏过。《勃兰登堡协奏曲》也曾在科滕演出,他的儿子还在那里接受过洗礼。当你身处这样的地方,当然会受到影响,你会想到巴赫,想到他和第一任妻子一起度过的那些岁月,这一切不可能与你的演奏完全无关。 至于威格莫尔音乐厅,这是英国最具代表性的室内乐舞台,历史很悠久,也有那么多伟大的艺术家曾在那里演出,声学条件也非常出色,这些都会进入你的演奏。这样的地方本身就很有份量。 谈布列兹 LC:这让我想到你之前提到过:只有当作曲家、演奏者和听众的内在动机彼此呼应时,音乐会才能产生特别的体验。你23岁时加入了皮埃尔·布列兹创立的法国现代音乐合奏团(Ensemble Intercontemporain),在那里开始了职业生涯。而且待了十年。你对这种关系的理解,和布列兹对你的影响有关吗? JGQ:的确。我觉得自己非常幸运,因为我很热爱自己的工作。其中一个原因,是我处在一个“中间”的位置——我是一个信使。作曲家:不论是巴赫、贝多芬、马雷,还是其他人,都把丰富的人性写进了音乐。他们用音乐表达那些人们有时不知道该怎样表达的东西。巴赫、贝多芬、马雷都找到了自己的方式,用音符表达人性的东西,而我的工作,就是在某一个具体的时刻,让这些音乐重新发生。 来到音乐厅的听众也不是被动地坐在那里。他们有自己的生活,要工作,有家庭,还有各种各样的事情,却愿意拿出时间和金钱,在一个晚上来到音乐厅。他们也在主动寻找某种体验,而这种体验来自那些伟大的作曲家留给我们的音乐。正因如此,我很热爱这份工作。我喜欢这些作曲家,也喜欢今天仍然在创作的作曲家。我非常喜欢库塔格(György Kurtág),也喜欢年轻的作曲家,比如班雅明·阿塔伊(Benjamin Attahir)。他为我写过一首相当美妙的大提琴协奏曲,我希望有一天能把这首作品带到中国。我也喜欢那些愿意来到音乐厅、带着热情和我们一起经历这一切的人。所以,对我来说,能够和他们在音乐中相遇,本身就是我工作的意义。 LC:既然说到你职业生涯中重要的人,我想再问一下布列兹对你的影响。 JGQ:我加入法国现代音乐合奏团的时候,正好处在学生时代结束、职业生涯开始的交界点。当时是我在纽约读硕士的最后一年,同时刚通过了乐团的试演,我问他们能不能等我,让我先把纽约的学业完成,夏天再过去,他们答应了。那既是我职业生涯的开始,也是我成为一个音乐家的过程中很重要的一段经历。 布列兹本人当然非常重要,但不只是因为他,更重要的是我当时身处的环境。现代音乐合奏团演奏的是新音乐,布列兹同时还建立了一个重要的音乐研究机构(指IRCAM,法国国立视听研究所),作曲家们经常来到排练现场,我们一直有机会和仍在世的作曲家一起工作,我们可以直接问他们:“作为演奏者,你希望我怎么做?”然后不断交流。这种经历对我后面去理解以前的作曲家同样重要,因为当你真正理解一位当代作曲家和演奏者之间的关系,也会开始用不同的眼光去看待历史上的作曲家。 至于布列兹本人,我觉得有两件事尤其重要。首先他是很有人格魅力,他对音乐有一种近乎在燃烧的热情,这点在他的作品里也能听出来,他的音乐总有能量爆发的感觉。他同时是作曲家、指挥家,也是整个音乐研究机构的核心人物,做任何事情都投入百分之三百。他跟巴伦勃依姆都属于那种一天只睡五个小时,却像是同时拥有五种人生的人,我至今觉得不可思议,一个人怎么可以做这么多事情。 他对演奏者很严格,同时非常尊重个人,他很在意我们的生活状态,很有人情味。有一次我受伤,不得不暂停演奏半年,他会给我打电话、寄小卡片,问候我,说大家都在想着我,让我不要着急。他要求你做到最好,要求你来排练时准备充分、全神贯注,但同时也很关心你这个人。 还有一点,是他的诠释观念。我并不完全认同他的所有选择,但我非常尊重他。他尤其强调乐谱本身,以及演奏时的清晰度。他指挥时很注重音乐的线条和透明度,你甚至会感到乐谱就摆在眼前,这一点和我同样非常敬佩的伯恩斯坦很不一样,伯恩斯坦更自由、更有激情,而布列兹更强调乐谱本身的结构。但有一点我从布列兹那里学到了很多,就是千万别在音乐里加入原本不存在的东西。就像是一道非常漂亮的意大利菜,原本调味已恰到好处,你没必要再往里面加一大勺奶油。音乐也是一样,不能因为自己觉得这样会“更有味道”,就往乐谱里加一些原本没有的东西。 让-吉安·凯拉斯 谈东欧 LC:你不久前录了一张卢托斯瓦夫斯基(Witold Lutosławski)的专辑,其中的《大提琴协奏曲》很明显带着战后欧洲满目疮痍的痕迹,有一种紧张感,也有一种原始、粗粝的能量。联系到当下的欧洲,你在演绎这部作品时,会不会觉得作品突然多了新的现实感? JGQ:这是一个有意思的问题,而且我觉得你说得对,我们不能把音乐完全从它诞生时的历史环境中抽离出来。卢托斯瓦夫斯基创作这部作品的时候,东欧正处在非常复杂、非常艰难的历史时期。 老实说,我之前没有从这个角度想过。但如果特别去看这部《大提琴协奏曲》,它其实很像《圣经》里的“大卫与歌利亚”:弱小的大卫面对强大的巨人歌利亚。放到这部作品里,大提琴就像大卫,而整个管弦乐队则像歌利亚。大提琴这个孤独而相对弱小的声音,一次次直面庞大而强大的管弦乐队,一次次试图找到自己的位置,有时候靠力量,有时候则是在压力之下坚持住自己的立场。所以,如果把这部作品和今天欧洲发生的事情联系起来,我确实会产生出强烈共鸣。我自己对乌克兰人民的处境非常敏感,也非常敬佩他们。他们正在为自己的自由而战。 LC:记得你之前还去了乌克兰演出。 JGQ:是的,2024年,我和妻子去了基辅。那次旅行对我来说很重要,我想让她看看那里,我自己也很想亲自去看看。战争发生以后,很多人都不再去乌克兰。所以我当时觉得,如果可以,我们应该去,应该去演奏。 有一点让我非常震撼:只要还有可能,乌克兰人依然努力让生活继续下去。他们一边面对战争,一边尽量过正常的生活。餐厅还在营业,音乐厅还在开放,乐团仍然工作,音乐学院也继续教学。音乐会有时候会因为防空警报中断。我们去的那一周相对还比较平静,晚上偶尔会听到警报,也能听到拦截导弹的声音。我们离开后一周,情况就严重得多了。 在决定去之前,我也问了几个乌克兰的朋友和音乐家。我问他们:“如果我过去演出,这对你们来说是好事吗?还是说你们已经有太多事情要处理了?”他们说:“当然欢迎。我们希望有人来,希望有人来演奏。”听到这句话以后,我就很清楚了,我应该去。 LC:你希望音乐会能为那里的人带来什么? JGQ:我觉得最重要的是让他们知道,有人在那儿,有人惦记着他们。因为战争,他们被迫和外面的世界隔开了,而我能做的,就是用上自己最擅长的方式。如果我是厨师,我会带食物;如果我是音乐家,我就带音乐。有一次我们去了一个收治受伤士兵的康复中心,当时你会意识到,音乐在这样的地方有了很具体的意义,那种感觉很强烈。 我希望能够再回去。如果有时间,甚至想去更远的地方,比如哈尔科夫,那里遭受轰炸的情况非常严重。有一位来自哈尔科夫的指挥家,现在生活在西方,却不断回到那里组织音乐节,他们甚至会把音乐会安排在地下空间和地铁里,即使外面有轰炸,音乐仍然可以继续。 亚历山大·塔霍与让-吉安·凯拉斯 Photo: Marco Borggreve 谈塔霍 LC:你跟亚历山大·塔霍最初是通过阿卡坎托四重奏(Arcanto Quartett)认识的吗? JGQ:不是,亚历山大从来没有和这个四重奏合作过。阿卡坎托大约十年前就解散了。结束其实也很自然,四个人长期一起工作,有点像婚姻,不合适了就分开。但四重奏结束,并不意味着我们之间的关系也结束了。现在我们四个人中的三个人依然会一起合作,只是不再以阿卡坎托的形式。 我跟亚历山大其实在上世纪九十年代就认识了。当时我还在法国现代音乐合奏团,他那时候已经住在巴黎。我们在一次戏剧演出中认识,正好都坐在观众席里,一个共同的朋友把我们介绍给彼此。我当然知道他,他也知道我。后来很巧,我们又进入了同一家经纪公司,于是开始一起演出。我们很快就像两兄弟一样。 LC:你们合作了这么多年,还在继续合作,除了默契,在音乐上是怎样彼此激发的? JGQ:两个人能长期合作,有一部分确实很难解释,只能说是化学反应。首先我们看待音乐、体验音乐的方式很相似,这是长期合作的前提。我们开始排练时,从来不需要花几个小时讨论“你觉得这里应该这样吗”,而是很快就知道这段音乐应该往哪里走。然后就是私人层面,我俩真的很像两兄弟,有一些很根本的东西是相通的:我们有一样的幽默感,喜欢的事物也有很多共通之处。但我们性格又很不同,塔霍是极有条理、极度自律的人,你要是问他两年后的某一天有什么计划,他都能告诉你很具体的安排;但要是问我下一步计划是什么,我可能会说:“不知道,明天演完巴赫,然后再看看。” 演出当天也是如此。他有自己的习惯:吃饭时间、演出前一个小时做瑜伽。很多时候演出结束以后,主办方会邀请我们吃饭,我通常很喜欢,因为演完我很饿,而他则会在中场休息的时候吃后台准备好的小餐盘,演出一结束,直接回酒店睡觉。 LC:所以如果我问你下一项计划,你真的不知道? JGQ:(笑)我刚才说得有点夸张,当然还是知道一些的。这个音乐会之后,下周就有录音,这次是和另外一位钢琴家哈维尔·佩里亚内斯(Javier Perianes)合作。这是我第二次和他合作,两年前,我们已经和塔贝娅·齐默尔曼(Tabea Zimmermann)一起录过三重奏。 LC:是勃拉姆斯吧。 JGQ:没错,这一次则是我第一次和佩里亚内斯录制二重奏,主要是西班牙作品。 让-吉安·凯拉斯 Photo: Marco Borggreve 谈贝多芬 LC:你和伊莎贝尔·福斯特(Isabelle Faust)也合作了很多年。你们还经常一起演出吗? JGQ:会有不同的阶段。有一段时间我们有很多合作,然后又各自做很多事情。不过接下来两年,我们会有不少共同项目。比如这个音乐季,我们会和安德拉斯·席夫(András Schiff),以及约翰·艾略特·加德纳(John Eliot Gardiner)正在筹建的新乐团合作贝多芬《三重协奏曲》。接下来因为贝多芬诞辰周年,我们也会和亚历山大·梅尔尼科夫(Alexander Melnikov)、伊莎贝尔一起录制好几部贝多芬三重奏。 LC:我非常喜欢贝多芬。如果要选择一部最接近你内心的贝多芬作品,会是哪一部? JGQ:我完全理解你。对我来说,贝多芬是绝对重要的,如果有一天只能选一位作曲家,我估计就会选他。如果一定让我选一部他的作品,我会想到“拉祖莫夫斯基”第二弦乐四重奏。记得在纽约读书的时候,那三年里有一年过得特别艰难。纽约对我来说是一个非常艰难的地方。我当然很喜欢回那里演出,但在那里生活三年,对我来说却非常不容易。 LC:为什么? JGQ:因为那时候我很穷,而纽约不是适合穷人的城市,你得有足够的钱,才能基本拥有生活质量。而且我并不习惯大城市,我在乡下长大,后来在弗莱堡生活了三年。弗莱堡是一个很小、很可爱的城市,生活质量、自然环境、人与人之间的关系,都非常温和。然后突然进入纽约,那是一片丛林。所以那时候的我就像一只不知所措的小动物,根本不知道怎么在那儿过下去。 但就在我状态最不好的时候,有一部贝多芬作品我会一遍又一遍地听,就是“拉祖莫夫斯基”第二弦乐四重奏,也就是e小调弦乐四重奏。它的慢乐章非常长,大概有二十分钟,里面有持续的附点节奏。贝多芬曾经写信给朋友,说自己是在躺着仰望星空的时候获得这段音乐的灵感。那里面有一种非常特殊的宇宙感。 当时这段音乐特别触动我。因为当你身处困难之中,独自站在星空下面,你会意识到自己非常孤独,但与此同时,你又面对着整个宇宙。我觉得这就是贝多芬最伟大的地方之一:他能够把孤独和普世性放在一起。一个人非常孤独,但又属于一个巨大而完整的宇宙。 对我来说,这就是贝多芬。 LC:我刚从希腊回来,最近重新听了你的专辑《Thrace》。我猜这就是你开始所说的,你和亚历山大都喜欢进入的比较陌生的音乐领域。这张专辑当初是怎么发生的? JGQ:这其实很久以前就开始酝酿了,而且我比较喜欢让事情自然发生。两个打击乐手比扬·谢米拉尼(Bijan Chemirani)和凯万·谢米拉尼(Keyvan Chemirani)几乎是在法国南部一起长大的。他们有伊朗背景,但是在法国长大,我们还是邻居。我们各自学习自己的音乐,到了二十多岁的时候,其中一个人有一天说:“我们一起演奏吧。”事情就是这样开始的。后来他们又带来了来自希腊的索克拉蒂斯·西诺普洛斯(Sokratis Sinopoulos),他是一位非常出色的音乐家。我非常喜欢这个组合。 LC:对你来说,这种探索是对古典音乐的一种补充,还是你觉得“古典音乐”这个词本身在今天仍然成立? JGQ:我觉得“古典音乐”这个词也还完全可以继续使用。对我来说,古典音乐意味着我们能拥有特别的机会,通过音乐回到过去,探索人类的历史,我们得以通过伟大的作曲家,去理解他们的文化,理解他们那个时代的人怎样生活、思考和表达。这些作曲家把属于他们文化里头最好的东西通过音乐留给了我们,这是一件很美妙的事情。 但与此同时,每个人也应该按照自己的性格去探索。我一直很好奇,不同的音乐之间究竟有什么共同之处。比如一些希腊旋律,和我们演奏的某些古典音乐之间,会不会存在某种联系?你一旦开始寻找,就会突然发现,原来这里真的有联系。我就是喜欢发现音乐在不同的地方、不同的时代之间形成的联系。这就是我的性格,总想知道不同的世界之间究竟有什么共同之处。对我来说,古典音乐并不是一个封闭的世界,这个世界很大,我们完全可以从这里出发,走到更远的地方。 Writer Lucy Cheung
- 阿德斯目光如炬
托马斯·阿德斯在威格莫尔音乐厅的钢琴独奏会,一整晚的敏锐与利落。 By Lucy Cheung 28 September 2026 When 2026年9月26日 Where 伦敦威格莫尔音乐厅(Wigmore Hall) Who 英国作曲家、钢琴家、指挥家托马斯·阿德斯(Thomas Adès) What 阿德斯钢琴独奏会,曲目包括:海顿《f小调变奏曲》、斯特拉文斯基《小夜曲》、雅纳切克《潸然泪下》(In Tears)、阿德斯:《布兰卡变奏曲》(Blanca Variations)、巴托克《钢琴奏鸣曲》、贝多芬《第30号钢琴奏鸣曲》、阿德斯《晚祷》 Why 威格莫尔正在举办的秋季国际钢琴音乐节(Autumn International Piano Festival 2026)。 托马斯·阿德斯在威格莫尔音乐厅 摄影:张璐诗 记一笔 托马斯·阿德斯是自本杰明·布里顿以来最成功的英国作曲家,成名二十多年来持续多产,作品极为常演,同时身兼指挥家和钢琴家活跃于舞台。从2021年第一次看他的作品《泯灭天使交响曲》在“逍遥音乐会”上的现场,到他后来几番执棒伦敦爱乐乐团演出自己的作品,再到这一晚他的钢琴独奏会,阿德斯目光如炬,智识厚实,让人不愿错过他的每一个现场。 满座的威格莫尔音乐厅内,阿德斯弹什么都显示出对音色和织体层次的精准控制,颗粒清晰,让人感觉无可辩驳:巴托克的敲击式弹奏该雷霆万钧时让人不自觉双目圆瞪,雅纳切克小品2分钟以内的情绪色彩闪变,则能让人听出恻隐。斯特拉文斯基的《小夜曲》写于一个世纪之前,阿德斯却弹得让人感觉日新月异,他干脆的推进力,带出齿轮咬合的律动,左右手的旋律线清爽而分明。 阿德斯全场背谱,但在弹奏自己的两部作品时却翻出了乐谱摆在琴上。五年前我第一次在现场听阿德斯创作的《泯灭天使交响曲》,因为作品素材借用了路易斯·布努艾尔1962年的超现实主义同名电影,很记得管弦乐的飘忽气息,铜钟、擦刮铜锣之声如水面下的乱石和潜流;最后的圆舞曲华丽眩目,底下却暗流汩汩。那年天下同凉热,很久没听现场,我几乎没有一秒走神,音乐能量直灌胸口。 《泯灭天使交响曲》的素材其实来自阿德斯2016年在萨尔茨堡艺术节首演的同名歌剧;而今晚的《布兰卡变奏曲》,则是歌剧第一幕里的音乐。五首以拉丁民歌曲调为基础的变奏,原本受克拉拉·哈斯基尔国际钢琴比赛委约,后来被放进歌剧,由剧中的晚宴贵宾、著名钢琴家布兰卡在被困前演奏以娱乐宾客。民歌旋律在变奏中反复出现、不断变形,阿德斯弹得极有弹性,但留着一点诡异的平衡感,歌剧里那个晚宴结束后众人无法离开的房间又再隐现。 贝多芬的晚期奏鸣曲,令我印象深刻的是第三乐章几个变奏里,感觉阿德斯重新审视整个乐章的结构,在乐句间重新确立重心与呼吸,带出个人化的顿挫。他以一位生活在当下的作曲家视角,刻意放大了贝多芬手稿中超前的嶙峋现代线条。 最后是阿德斯自己写的《晚祷》。几年前在伦敦交响乐团圣路加教堂听过肖恩·志边(Sean Shibe)首演阿德斯为他创作的《被遗忘的舞蹈》,今晚则听作曲家自己弹这套作品的最后一首:取意于普赛尔的《晚祷歌》,他为钢琴重新改写了一个版本。乐曲所呈现的智性,与最后返场时他弹奏的库塔格微型小品《致贝多芬》呼应,几乎以不容分说的幽默感概括了他整个晚上的曲目处理:敏锐和利落。 Writer Lucy Cheung
- 中秋夜,美德在狂喜
英国艺术家恩万多·埃比齐以12世纪作曲家希尔德加德·冯·宾根及其《美德典律》为灵感,将歌唱、器乐、舞蹈、仪式与投影融合于新歌剧《美德的狂喜》,探索感知、自我与“美德”之间的关系。 By Lucy Cheung 27 September 2026 When 2026年9月25日 Where 伦敦旧教堂空间Stone Nest Who 作曲家、导演及跨学科艺术家恩万多·埃比齐(Nwando Ebizie)与12位分别饰演“灵魂/希尔德加德·冯·宾根”、“自我厌弃”(Self-loathing)和不同“美德”(Virtues)的演员,以及一群饰演“神谕”(The Oracle)的演员。 What 新歌剧《美德的狂喜》(Ecstasy of the Virtues)世界首演。该作由Mahogany Opera委约并制作,与音乐场所Stone Nest、北方歌剧院(Opera North)及Full of Noises机构合作呈现,作品融合歌唱、现场器乐演奏、舞蹈、多感官仪式与投影。 在伦敦演出三晚后,将到英国北方巡演。 Why 希尔德加德·冯·宾根(Hildegard von Bingen)是12世纪德国的修道院院长、作曲家、作家和神秘主义者。她以自己反复经历并记录下来的“异象”闻名,同时留下了大量宗教音乐、神学和自然科学著作。她的《美德典律》(Ordo Virtutum)被认为是现存最早的礼仪道德剧。 埃比齐的创作横跨音乐、实验戏剧、舞蹈与沉浸式装置,她长期关注感知、神经科学和仪式。她从2019年前后开始发展以希尔德加德为灵感的《希尔德加德:异象》(Hildegard: Visions)项目,此后经过数年的研究、工作坊和装置实践,最终发展为歌剧《美德的狂喜》。 “美德”的谢幕 摄影:张璐诗 记一笔 12世纪的希尔德加德·冯·宾根对不少乐迷来说很有神秘感和磁吸力。她曾反复描述自己所看见的“异象”,在清醒状态下出现的光、色彩与形象。作为修道院院长、作曲家、作家和神秘主义者,她将这些无法解释的视觉经验记录下来,也将其中一部分写进了音乐。 近千年过去了。进场看这部《美德的狂喜》,刚开场不久就有感觉,作品冠上“歌剧”之名,其实是极大的局限。作品从希尔德加德的《美德典律》出发,咏唱、一把竖琴、投影和电子乐声共存于伦敦唐人街旁的旧教堂空间内,除了头戴金冠的“神谕”们的群舞和衣袂曼妙的各位“美德”的舞步,还令人稍微联想中世纪的乳香味,除此之外,就是各种感官被逐渐打开的两小时,包括“美德”向乐意上前的观众单独提问的中场休息。 饰演“美德”之一的劳拉·鲍勒 Photo: Claire Shovelton 新作品中的不少细节,推敲、翻一下资料,都可见有来自宾根的典故。比如饰演“美德”的几位演员一身的深蓝、红色和金黄,源于宾根在《天路启示》(Scivias)里写到过的明亮的光晕、蓝宝石般的蓝、燃烧般的红,也写过白色面纱上的金冠,以及从光中延伸出来的金色光芒。 作曲家恩万多·埃比齐自身也有一条通往宾根的路。她是一位尼日利亚裔英国多学科艺术家、作曲家、导演和剧本作者,长期研究感知、身体和另类现实。她自己的“视觉雪花症”会让视野里出现闪烁、光晕和细小的视觉噪点,她自述这也成为自己进入希尔德加德“异象”的一个入口。在音乐上,除了一架竖琴之外,并没有现场乐器,主要由合成器和各种采样混搭,古老的舞曲一首一首踩响。 台上的“美德”各有自己的身体和声音,而且几位歌唱家劳拉·鲍勒(Laura Bowler)、格雷斯·尼扬多罗(Grace Nyandoro)和伊法特·索尔·齐索(Yfat Soul Zisso)和塞万·霍罗克斯-霍帕扬(Cevanne Horrocks-Hopayian),各自都是在英国乐界独当一面的作曲家,她们分别饰演不同的“美德”:爱、忍耐、希望、真理、谦卑。歌声响起,则是意大利歌剧传统出现以前的礼仪歌唱:单声部旋律音域宽阔,常常突然跃上八度,再向下回旋;一个词可以被拉得很长,一咏三叹。听着看着,眼前这戏服和腔调,都令人不由得想到中国戏曲。 南村千里饰演“自我厌弃” Photo: Claire Shovelton 《美德典律》还有一个特别的角色:不唱歌的“魔鬼”。到了《美德的狂喜》,这个角色成为“自我厌弃”,由南村千里(Chisato Minamimura)和尼扬多罗共同呈现。南村千里出生于日本、现居伦敦,她是一位聋人表演艺术家;这个原本不唱歌的角色,在她这里多了一种手语的身体语言,而她的妆扮与如被看不见之力牵引的身体语言,都让我想到有时有一点瘆人的日本能剧。 另一边是同时象征了“宾根”的“灵魂”一角。萨拉·阿米尼(Sara Amini)在台上受肉体所困,最终被“神谕”扛到浴盆里接受香料的清洗,然后“重生”。中世纪的节奏,今日世界的头脑和舞步,宾根的魂影,氤氲在一屋子玫瑰花水汽中。然后离场,抬头就望见了唐人街“做旧”的飞檐翘角间一轮满月。 Writer Lucy Cheung
- Dim Sum with Martin Cullingford
We welcome Martin Cullingford as our next guest of The Riff Questionnaire, ahead of the Gramophone Awards Ceremony. By Lucy Cheung 26 September 2026 阅读中文版 The Gramophone Awards will be presented in London on 7 October. Yesterday, in the midst of the Mid-Autumn Festival, I went out for a dim sum lunch with Martin Cullingford, Editor and Publisher of Gramophone. Over three hours of savouring Yunnan pu’er tea, with Har Gau, Siu Mai and Beef Ho Fun arriving at the table and our chopsticks moving between dishes, we talked about all things Gramophone Awards, but our conversation ranged far beyond classical music — wandering freely through life, travel, and Martin’s long-standing fascination with shoegaze. More from our conversation will be published in stages before and after the Awards. The podcast we recorded together, will also be released around the same time. In the spirit of the festival — may we all share the same moon, wherever we are — here’s a light-hearted Riff Questionnaire with Martin to begin. What is your idea of perfect listening? A quiet acoustic environment, great sound, and limitless time ahead of you — so that you can focus without worrying about anything else. The musician you would most like to have dinner with? Bach. It seems such an obvious choice, but it would be absolutely fascinating to have dinner with him. He wrote some of the most profound music we know, yet he did so from the perspective of someone with a focused job in a town, looking after a church choir and its liturgical seasons, and his family. Yet he left us music that continues to transform our lives four centuries later. The sound you never get tired of? The sound of water running over stones in a mountain river. There are all these extraordinary rhythms, patterns and random elements in it. It’s also a reminder that we’re just a tiny part of an extraordinary natural environment. The musical quality you admire most in a performer? Sincerity. The quality you admire most in a music critic? Generosity. What music makes you feel warm, and which piece would you turn to on a heatwave day? If I were sitting there shivering, I’d probably reach for something like Ginastera, Albéniz or Villa-Lobos — music written in much hotter climates. But if I’m actually very hot, I’d probably go for something Nordic, like Rautavaara, and be reminded of cold Finnish winters. Or Britten’s Sea Interludes, and remember the impact of the North Sea on a stormy day. I grew up by the North Sea, in Benjamin Britten’s birthplace. What was the most memorable live performance you heard this year? I think it might be the Jupiter Ensemble at Wigmore Hall. They’re an extraordinary ensemble, but what made it particularly memorable was that the performance had to be delayed because one of the musicians wasn’t well. They talked and improvised while they waited, and then played. At the end, they divided up the hall and got the audience to sing. It’s the only time I’ve ever got to sing at Wigmore Hall. There was something wonderfully vital about the music-making — the audience actually became part of it. The recording you would give to someone who says they don’t like classical music? I’d probably reach for something with immediate melodic and emotional appeal. I’d give them a recording of Chopin’s Nocturnes. There’s something beautiful in them that would speak to people, and there’s nothing there that’s likely to alienate them. If I had to choose a specific recording, I’d go for Stephen Hough’s. I’d give it to them in the sincere hope that it might unlock an extraordinary journey ahead. If you could keep just one thing from the Gramophone archive, what would it be? A plaster statue of Nipper the dog from an old HMV sculpture. It’s become a bit of a Gramophone mascot. It’s my hat stand, actually. And it was rescued from a skip. I’m not going to keep it, though. One day, when I leave Gramophone, I’ll hand it on to whoever succeeds me. What’s your musical guilty pleasure? I don’t think anyone should feel guilty about listening to any music. But if I had to choose, probably shoegaze — My Bloody Valentine and Slowdive. I’m fascinated by the way those early shoegaze bands explored what sound itself could be, using feedback, pedals, loops and backwards recording to push the possibilities of the studio. And when I go running, I tend to listen to 90s indie. I tried running to classical music, but it doesn’t work. The Stone Roses get me through a 10K at a good pace. Writer Lucy Cheung
- 帕维尔·科列斯尼科夫:我喜欢所有的颜色
俄罗斯钢琴家帕维尔·科列斯尼科夫做客“即时问卷”。 9月18日,帕维尔·科列斯尼科夫(Pavel Kolesnikov)将与萨姆森·崔(Samson Tsoy)、男高音博格丹·沃尔科夫(Bogdan Volkov)以及大提琴家阿德里安·布伦德尔(Adrian Brendel)一同登上伦敦威格莫尔音乐厅(Wigmore Hall)的舞台,以一场向列昂尼德·杰夏特尼科夫(Leonid Desyatnikov)致意的音乐会,庆祝这位俄罗斯作曲家七十岁生日。 帕维尔自称多年来一直梦想演奏杰夏特尼科夫的《诗人之恋与生活》(Dichterliebe und -leben),称这部作品是自己的“真切执念”,并称之为“有史以来最非凡的声乐套曲之一”。今年8月,即时Riff在英格兰东海岸的斯奈普麦芽厂音乐厅(Snape Maltings)与科列斯尼科夫坐下来,详谈他的音乐观、跨领域艺术、与萨姆森·崔的长期合作,以及他对演出空间和现场经验的独特理解。访谈的最后,我们请他回答了一组“即时问卷”。 你对一个人最看重的品质 智识。 你对一位音乐家最看重的品质 开放心态与执着。 你最喜欢的声音 寂静。 你最无法忍受的声音 塑料包装相互摩擦的声音。 你最喜欢的色彩 所有的颜色。 如果只能带一种音乐去荒岛,你会选择—— 我不太喜欢这个问题的设定,因为我喜欢多样性,喜欢各种各样的音乐。不过,如果非要选,我会试着钻一下这个问题的空子,比如带上舒伯特完整的钢琴奏鸣曲全集。也就是说,我会带上一整套作品,而不是单独的一首。 你最希望能共进晚餐的一位作曲家 现实一点来说,我很想和托马斯·阿德斯(Thomas Adès)共进晚餐。他是一位非常、非常了不起的音乐家和表演者,很难说我更喜欢他的哪一面:是他写的音乐、他的演奏,还是他的指挥。一些我去年听过最精彩的音乐会,就是他演奏或者指挥的。 你最喜欢的地方 威尼斯。 你能听见、但大多数人不会注意到的声音 我自己演奏中的错误。 是否存在一种被高估的“美”? 我不觉得真正的美会被高估。我反倒觉得,美总是被低估。我对美的事物很着迷,如果一样东西是真正美的话。 看似普通不已、在你看来却非同寻常的是—— 人的心智。
- 俄式冷酷仙境
帕维尔·科列斯尼科夫、萨姆松·崔、博格丹·沃尔科夫、阿德里安·布伦德尔,与作曲家列昂尼德·杰西亚特尼科夫在威格莫尔音乐厅,一个夜晚的俄式冷酷仙境。 By Lucy Cheung 19 September 2026 When 2026年9月18日 Where 伦敦威格莫尔音乐厅(Wigmore Hall) Who 钢琴家帕维尔·科列斯尼科夫(Pavel Kolesnikov)、萨姆松·崔(Samson Tsoy)、男高音博格丹·沃尔科夫(Bogdan Volkov)、大提琴家阿德里安·布伦德尔(Adrian Brendel),以及作曲家列昂尼德·杰西亚特尼科夫(Leonid Desyatnikov)。 杰西亚特尼科夫是当代俄罗斯音乐中颇具个人辨识度的作曲家。1955年出生于哈尔科夫,毕业于列宁格勒音乐学院,创作横跨歌剧、芭蕾、室内乐、声乐和电影音乐,也曾于2009至2010年担任莫斯科大剧院音乐总监。他的音乐常常游走在古典传统、现代主义和各种已经存在的音乐记忆之间。作曲家目前常居以色列。 What 曲目以杰西亚特尼科夫的作品为中心,与圣-桑、拉赫玛尼诺夫、舒伯特和拉威尔的作品彼此呼应。圣-桑《天鹅》,双钢琴与大提琴版;拉赫玛尼诺夫《第一组曲》,作品5《幻想画》;杰西亚特尼科夫《诗人之爱与生命》(Dichterliebe und -leben,1989)、《获得住所的变奏曲》(Variations on Obtaining of a Dwelling),为大提琴与钢琴而作(1990);舒伯特十首德国舞曲、圆舞曲与兰德勒舞曲;拉威尔《圆舞曲》;以及杰西亚特尼科夫《天鹅之家》(Du côté de chez Swan)(1995)。这首作品是对圣-桑《天鹅》的改写,标题又借用了普鲁斯特《追忆似水年华》第一卷《在斯万家那边》的句式,只是把斯万的Swann改成了Swan。 《诗人之爱与生命》戏仿舒曼的《诗人之恋》与《妇女的爱情与生活》;《获得一处住所的变奏曲》以海顿《告别交响曲》终曲的主题为创作基础。 Why 帕维尔自称“多年来一直梦想演奏杰西亚特尼科夫的《诗人之爱与生命》,称这部作品是自己的“真切执念”,并称之为“有史以来最非凡的声乐套曲之一”。这场音乐会,也是献给今年70岁的杰西亚特尼科夫。 萨姆松·崔、帕维尔·科列斯尼科夫与列昂尼德·杰西亚特尼科夫 摄影:张璐诗 记一笔 门票卖光了的本场音乐会有两大收获。台上弹双钢琴的帕维尔·科列斯尼科夫和萨姆松·崔,从拉赫玛尼诺夫《第一组曲》开始就呈现出“你中有我我中有你”的默契状态;到接近两小时之后压轴曲目拉威尔《圆舞曲》时,台上的化学反应简直流萤纷飞。 拉威尔的《圆舞曲》原本为管弦乐队而写,后来又亲自改成双钢琴版本。两台琴要自己将层层叠叠的织体撑起来,相当直接听见两人的呼吸和思考:飘然的、重坠的,舞步翩迁的。从舒伯特的几段舞曲开始,两个人就一直在互相完成彼此的句子,迷人至极。 节目单提醒我,拉威尔早在1906年便产生过写一首向圆舞曲致敬的作品的想法;但到了1919至1920年真正创作《圆舞曲》时,第一次世界大战已经彻底改变了作品的情绪:“原本可能是一首优雅的舞曲,最终变成一个正在瓦解的世界的幽暗幻象。” 在拉威尔自己的双钢琴版本中,圆舞曲不断重复、加速、变形,优雅的社交舞最终几乎变成一种机械而具有破坏性的仪式。圣-桑、拉赫玛尼诺夫、舒伯特留下的是来自旧世界的音乐碎片;杰西亚特尼科夫则是站在当代回望这一切。 萨姆松·崔与帕维尔·科列斯尼科夫 摄影:张璐诗 今晚另一个收获,就是第一次现场认识了杰西亚特尼科夫的音乐。从当晚现场得出初步印象:作曲家很喜欢从既有音乐材料出发,对熟悉的旋律进行拆解、变形与重新组合,通过不协和和声改变原有的听觉质感。 节目单是个“记忆库”:圣-桑、拉赫玛尼诺夫、舒伯特和拉威尔的音乐传统和声音记忆,到了杰西亚特尼科夫笔下,便被拆解和重构。他写于1989年的《诗人之爱与生命》,是作曲家早期最重要、最能代表他个人语言的作品,音乐写作上将舒曼的《诗人之恋》和《妇女的爱情与生活》揉在了一起;歌词来自两位前苏联先锋作家:丹尼尔·哈尔姆斯(Daniil Kharms)和尼古拉·奥列伊尼科夫(Nikolay Oleynikov),两位的文字荒诞而带着冷酷幽默。德斯亚特尼科夫将《赞成她剪发》、《苍蝇》、《欢快与污秽的恒常》等标题放进浪漫主义艺术歌曲的框架中,形成一种错位感。两位作家的命运染着特定时代的悲剧色彩:哈尔姆斯1942年死于列宁格勒一家精神病院,奥列伊尼科夫于1937年在列宁格勒被捕并遭处决。 乌克兰出生的抒情男高音沃尔科夫十分擅于讲故事,他与帕维尔的配合开始令人期待未来两人是否会录制专辑。 博格丹·沃尔科夫与帕维尔·科列斯尼科夫 摄影:张璐诗 最后的“天鹅之家”,更加直接地面对“过去”。这是杰西亚特尼科夫于1995年为索契音乐节创作的双钢琴作品,标题来自普鲁斯特《追忆似水年华》第一卷《在斯万家那边》的句式,把斯万的Swann改成了Swan——天鹅。音乐则是在改写圣-桑的《天鹅》:音阶、琶音和旋律碎片一直贯穿,但不断被紧张而神经质的音符和节奏所“扰乱”。旧的旋律、风格和记忆不断浮现,又不断变形,最后总是回到钢琴的分解和弦,剩下记忆中的《天鹅》。 满座的观众席上有很多说俄语的乐迷。这个晚上的曲目,在伦敦乃至欧洲也都难得一见。最后灯光忽然打到七十岁的作曲家身上,他走到台边,与两位钢琴家轮流深深拥抱。气氛浓郁极了。 Writer Lucy Cheung
- 中国作曲界新血,闯进日内瓦国际比赛决赛
陈星逸(Sing-Yat Chen) 25岁的中国香港作曲界新血陈星逸(Sing-Yat Chen),闯进了有着80年历史的日内瓦国际音乐比赛(Concours de Genève)作曲比赛决赛。她将于11月与来自韩国和巴西的两位作曲比赛选手同台角逐,而本届作曲比赛从46个国家、188份申请中最终选出三位决赛选手。 创办于1939年的日内瓦国际音乐比赛,是国际古典音乐界历史悠久的重要比赛之一,历届获奖者包括玛尔塔·阿格里奇(Martha Argerich)、阿图罗·贝内代托·米凯朗杰利(Arturo Benedetti Michelangeli)、毛里齐奥·波利尼(Maurizio Pollini)、乔治·索尔蒂(Georg Solti)等。 经过80年的发展,日内瓦国际音乐比赛一直在不同专业之间轮换;今年的比赛还有一项特殊之处:作曲与指挥两个项目首次在决赛阶段交汇。11月中旬,三位作曲决赛选手的作品将分别由三位指挥决赛选手执棒,并与瑞士罗曼德管弦乐团(Orchestre de la Suisse Romande)合作,在日内瓦维多利亚音乐厅(Victoria Hall)演出。 三位指挥决赛选手将通过抽签分别与一位作曲决赛选手合作,并共同参与作品排练,最终执棒瑞士罗曼德管弦乐团完成演出。因此,11月11日的音乐会既是作曲比赛的决赛,也是指挥比赛的第一轮决赛。这一设置让作曲比赛不再只是“提交作品—评委评审”的过程。三位作曲家将直接面对职业乐团和指挥家,在排练中共同讨论作品的呈现方式,并让这些此前从未公开演出的新作第一次进入正式音乐会现场。 陈星逸出生于香港,目前从事作曲和钢琴演奏,她的作品涉及音乐、文学、科学和视觉艺术等不同领域。此次进入日内瓦决赛的作品《Shattered sky / remaining land》与美国艺术家詹姆斯·特瑞尔(James Turrell)的“Skyspace”系列有关。陈星逸也将作品与“轮回”联系起来,并从呼吸、低音单簧管的声音以及宋代汝窑瓷器釉面的开片纹理等意象出发,构造作品的声音语言。作曲比赛第一名奖金为15,000瑞士法郎,第二名10,000瑞士法郎,第三名5,000瑞士法郎。 指挥比赛时隔32年后回归 今年也是指挥比赛时隔32年重新回到日内瓦国际音乐比赛。上一次举行是在1994年,当年的第一名是美国指挥家艾伦·吉尔伯特(Alan Gilbert)。今年共有六位指挥家进入半决赛:33岁的西班牙人亚历杭德罗·坎塔普列德拉(Alejandro Cantalapiedra)、30岁的南非人雅各布斯·德·雅格(Jacobus de Jager)、31岁的瑞士人西蒙·施密德(Simon Schmied)、28岁的瑞士人加布里埃尔·佩内特(Gabriel Pernet)、24岁的德国人马茨·蒂尔施(Mats Thiersch),以及35岁的澳大利亚人伦纳德·魏斯(Leonard Weiss)。 三轮半决赛将分别与日内瓦室内乐团(Orchestre de Chambre de Genève)、Contrechamps乐团和瑞士罗曼德管弦乐团合作。11月7日,选手们将指挥比才、路易丝·法朗克(Louise Farrenc)和门德尔松的作品选段;11月8日则转向当代音乐,包括利盖蒂《室内协奏曲》,以及陈银淑(Unsuk Chin)的《Gougalon:街头剧场场景》或丽贝卡·桑德斯(Rebecca Saunders)的《伤痕》(Scar);11月9日,他们将演出德彪西《大海》中的一个乐章,以及舒曼《A小调钢琴协奏曲》或《A小调大提琴协奏曲》的第一乐章。 六位选手中将有三人进入最终轮。11月10日至11日,他们将分别执棒三位作曲比赛决赛选手的作品,其中合作对象由抽签决定;这也构成指挥比赛的第一轮决赛。12日至13日进入第二轮决赛,三位指挥家将从巴托克、德彪西、马勒、普罗科菲耶夫、理查·施特劳斯和斯特拉文斯基的作品中选择曲目演出。 指挥比赛第一名奖金为20,000瑞士法郎,第二名12,000瑞士法郎,第三名8,000瑞士法郎;未进入最终轮的三位半决赛选手各获3,000瑞士法郎。此外还设有观众奖、青年观众奖和学生奖。 陈银淑 © Priska Ketterer 陈银淑领衔评委阵容 作曲比赛评委会由韩国作曲家陈银淑(Unsuk Chin)担任主席,成员包括日本作曲家细川俊夫(Toshio Hosokawa)、芬兰作曲家马格努斯·林德伯格(Magnus Lindberg)、美国作曲家奥古斯塔·里德·托马斯(Augusta Read Thomas)以及瑞士作曲家卡塔琳娜·罗森伯格(Katharina Rosenberger)。 陈银淑同时参加指挥比赛最终轮的评审。指挥比赛评委会由贝特朗·德·比利(Bertrand de Billy)担任主席,马克·斯特林格(Mark Stringer)任副主席,成员包括巴尔杜尔·布伦尼曼(Baldur Brönnimann)、马丁·坎贝尔-怀特(Martin Campbell-White)、洛朗·盖(Laurent Gay)、莎拉·内姆塔努(Sarah Nemtanu)、伊娃·奥利凯宁(Eva Ollilaïnen)、彼得·翁迪安(Peter Oundjian)、娜塔莉娅·波诺马尔丘克(Natalia Ponomarchuk)、阿图罗·塔马约(Arturo Tamayo),以及中国香港指挥家叶咏诗(Wingsie Yip)。 陈银淑同时参与两个项目最终阶段的评审,也使今年作曲与指挥两个项目在决赛阶段的交汇有了评审层面的呼应。 日内瓦国际音乐比赛将为获奖者提供两年的Sartory Artists经纪服务,以及管理支持、国际音乐会巡演、个人指导和作品委约。其中一位获奖者还将获得与管弦乐团合作、在La Dolce Volta唱片公司录制专辑的机会。历届获奖者包括有阿格里奇、·米凯朗杰利、维多利亚·德·洛斯安赫莱斯(Victoria de los Ángeles)、内尔松·戈纳(Nelson Goerner)、弗里德里希·古尔达(Friedrich Gulda)、海因茨·霍利格(Heinz Holliger)、今井信子(Nobuko Imai)、伊曼纽尔·帕胡德(Emmanuel Pahud)、波利尼、索尔蒂、何塞·范·达姆(José Van Dam)和塔贝娅·齐默尔曼(Tabea Zimmermann)等。 11月6日,第80届比赛将以一场开幕音乐会启幕,由2022年钢琴比赛第一名、加拿大钢琴家陈禹同(Kevin Chen),以及2021年大提琴比赛第一名、日本大提琴家上野通明(Michiaki Ueno)领衔演出。正式比赛从11月7日开始。11月7日至9日为指挥半决赛;11月10日至11日为作曲比赛决赛及指挥比赛第一轮决赛;11月12日至13日举行指挥比赛第二轮决赛;14日至15日举行获奖者音乐会。 届时,“即时Riff”将带来日内瓦国际音乐比赛的现场系列报道,敬请关注。
- 曼弗雷德·霍内克将执掌英国爱乐管弦乐团
英国爱乐管弦乐团(Philharmonia Orchestra,下称爱乐乐团)今日宣布,68岁的奥地利指挥家曼弗雷德·霍内克(Manfred Honeck)将于2028年9月起出任乐团下一任首席指挥,接替现任首席指挥、40岁的芬兰指挥家桑图-马蒂亚斯·鲁瓦利(Santtu-Matias Rouvali)。鲁瓦利将继续担任首席指挥至2028年夏季,霍内克的初始任期为五年。 乐团的公告没有说明鲁瓦利将在2028年结束任期的具体原因,只表示他在未来两个乐季仍将与乐团合作,并将在首席指挥任期结束后继续保持双方的合作关系。 此次任命的一个值得注意之处在于两位指挥家所处的职业阶段。在过去十多年里,一批相对年轻的指挥家开始进入欧洲及北美重要乐团的艺术领导层,鲁瓦利本人便是其中一例:他34岁时出任爱乐乐团首席指挥。如今,乐团选择由68岁的霍内克接任,两人年龄相差近30岁。这自然不能简单理解为大型乐团的年轻化趋势正在改变,但这次爱乐乐团显然把目光投向了另一端:一位已有数十年国际乐坛经验的指挥家。 出生于奥地利的霍内克在维也纳接受音乐训练,早年曾担任维也纳爱乐乐团和维也纳国家歌剧院管弦乐团的中提琴手。此后,他曾担任克劳迪奥·阿巴多的助理指挥,并先后执掌莱比锡中德广播交响乐团、奥斯陆爱乐乐团、瑞典广播交响乐团和斯图加特国家歌剧院。他目前担任匹兹堡交响乐团音乐总监,2026/27乐季将进入双方合作的第19个乐季,其任期近期已延长至2032/33乐季。与此同时,他还将从2028/29乐季起担任旧金山交响乐团年度管弦乐节的艺术总监。 作为客席指挥,霍内克曾与柏林爱乐乐团、莱比锡布商大厦管弦乐团、德累斯顿国家管弦乐团、皇家音乐厅管弦乐团等欧洲乐团合作,也曾执棒纽约爱乐乐团、波士顿交响乐团、芝加哥交响乐团、费城管弦乐团、克利夫兰管弦乐团、洛杉矶爱乐乐团和旧金山交响乐团等美国乐团。他也从事歌剧指挥,2026年夏季重返萨尔茨堡音乐节,与维也纳爱乐乐团合作演出理查德·施特劳斯《阿里阿德涅在纳克索斯》。 此次任命经过一轮国际遴选,由乐团音乐家、董事会成员、管理层以及古典音乐界人士参与。作为一家实行乐团自主管理的机构,爱乐乐团的音乐家也参与了艺术领导层的筛选过程。乐团方面表示,霍内克与乐团此前的合作已经建立了良好的音乐联系,而他的艺术理念以及对德奥音乐传统的理解,也是此次任命所考虑的因素之一。 霍内克表示,爱乐乐团自成立以来,一直在创新和诠释方面形成了卓越的传统,其中包括许多与他关系密切的作曲家:“能够参与塑造英国爱乐乐团独特的声音,并在国际重要音乐厅以及当地社区与世界各地的听众分享音乐,我感到很荣幸。”他将成为爱乐乐团80年历史上的第七位首席指挥。乐团此前的首席指挥包括奥托·克伦佩勒(Otto Klemperer)、里卡多·穆蒂(Riccardo Muti)、朱塞佩·西诺波利(Giuseppe Sinopoli)、克里斯托夫·冯·多纳伊(Christoph von Dohnányi)和埃萨-佩卡·萨洛宁(Esa-Pekka Salonen)。 鲁瓦利于2018年成为爱乐乐团的首席客席指挥,并于2021年出任首席指挥。在其任期内,乐团推出了自己的唱片品牌Philharmonia Records,并发行马勒《第二交响曲“复活”》、理查德·施特劳斯《英雄的生涯》和肖斯塔科维奇《第一交响曲》等作品的录音。2025年,鲁瓦利率领乐团展开成立80周年美国巡演,并在纽约卡内基音乐厅举行纪念演出。乐团近年来也持续进行电影、电子游戏配乐及数字演出等项目。鲁瓦利对霍内克将成为乐团下一任首席指挥表示“很高兴”,同时期待在首席指挥任期结束后继续与乐团保持联系。 霍内克接下来与乐团的合作是今年11月12日在伦敦皇家节日大厅(Royal Festival Hall)的音乐会,他将与钢琴家伊曼纽尔·艾克斯(Emanuel Ax)合作演出莫扎特《第二十五钢琴协奏曲》,音乐会还将演出理查德·施特劳斯《蝙蝠》序曲,以及霍内克根据《厄勒克特拉》改编的交响组曲。











